ESL Lesson Plan to Teach the Future Tenses Going to and Will

Making the choice to use will or going to is difficult for many ESL students. This lesson focuses on providing context for students so that they can understand the basic difference between something that is planned for the future (use of going to) and a spontaneous decision (use of will). Students first study a short dialog and answer some questions. After this, students give answers to a number of questions which elicit either will or going to. Finally, students get together for some small talk to practice. ESL Lesson Plan Aim: Developing a deeper understanding of the use of the future with will and going toActivity: Dialog reading, follow-up questions, small talkLevel: lower-intermediate to intermediate Outline: Start the lesson by asking some questions with will and going to. Be sure to mix the questions up. For example:​Â  What do you think will happen at school tomorrow?, What are you going to do after school today?, What will you do if you dont understand this lesson?, Where are you going to travel on your next vacation?Ask students to reflect on the questions you asked. Which forms did you use? Can they explain why?Pass out the dialog and ask the students to read through and answer the questions.As a group, correct the questions and ask students to explain why certain questions used will and others going to. A further possibility is to ask students to highlight the sections of the dialog that used will and those that used going to. Ask them to explain why.Have students write out answers to the question sheet. Go around the room to help individual students and check that students are answering using the correct form.As a class, elicit answers from various students. When appropria te, ask students to elaborate on their answers in order to give them a further chance to use these forms.Ask students to use the small talk questions with each other in pairs or in small groups. Optional homework:Â  Ask students to prepare a short paragraph on their future plans for study, hobbies, marriage, etc. (Use of going to). Ask them to write out a few predictions about the future of their lives, the country, the current political party, etc. (future with will) Dialogue Exercise 1: The Party Martha: What horrible weather today. Id love to go out, but I think it will just continue raining.Jane: Oh, I dont know. Perhaps the sun will come out later this afternoon.Martha: I hope youre right. Listen, Im going to have a party this Saturday. Would you like to come?Jane: Oh, Id love to come. Thank you for inviting me. Whos going to come to the party?Martha: Well, a number of people havent told me yet. But, Peter and Mark are going to help out with the cooking!Jane: Hey, Ill help, too!Martha: Would you? That would be great!Jane: Ill make lasagna!Martha: That sounds delicious! I know my Italian cousins are going to be there. Im sure theyll love it.Jane: Italians? Maybe Ill bake a cake...Martha: No, no. Theyre not like that. Theyll love it.Jane: Well, if you say so... Is there going be a theme for the party?Martha: No, I dont think so. Just a chance to get together and have fun.Jane: Im sure itll be lots of fun.Martha: But Im going to hire a clown!Jane: A clown! Youre kidding me.Ma rtha: No, no. As I child, I always wanted a clown. Now, Im going to have a clown at my own party.Jane: Im sure everyone will have a good laugh.Martha: Thats the plan! Follow-Up Questions What do they think about the weather?What does Martha have to share?What are Peter and Mark going to do?What does Jane offer to do?How does Jane react to the news about the Italian cousins?What special plan is there?Why does Martha want a clown?Does Martha know exactly how many people are going to come? If yes, how many. If not, why not?How does Jane think people will react to the clown?Is there a theme for the party? Dialogue Exercise 2: Questions Tell me about your future plans for work or study.What important event do you think will happen soon?Your friend needs some help with some homework. What do you say?Tell me about your plans for this coming summer.Complete this sentence: If I dont understand this exercise ...What do you think future English lessons will be about?

Database Performance Tuning - 1083 Words

Database Performance Tuning - Techniques and Consideration Introduction System performance is one of the most critical issues faced by companies dealing with vast amounts of data. Companies use database systems and their applications to store, retrieve and handle this data. Almost all commercial database systems available today are designed to provide a high level of performance to its users. Nonetheless, Database Performance Tuning for large volumes of data is an arduous task. Even minor changes can bring about a substantial impact (positive or negative) on the performance of the system (KOCH, 2014). This white paper identifies some of the considerations and techniques which can significantly improve the performance of the†¦show more content†¦Personal Experience In my experience at Tata Consultancy Services Ltd., India, I have extensively worked on performance tuning of applications using Oracle Database 11g. 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Points Understanding Human Behavior is critical to organizations free essay sample

Understanding human behavior is critical to organizations. An organization can be defined as a collection of people who work together to achieve a goal or a variety of goals. These people do not work on isolation within the organization. They interact with each other and with third parties (suppliers, customers, competitors, government officials, etc.) in a variety of ways. Therefore, a leader who understands how and why people behave the way they do, he can identify problems, determine the best ways to correct them and establish whether the changes would make a difference towards improvement. Prior to understanding other peoples’ behavior or attempting to influence others’ behavior, a leader must be able to perform a self-assessment in order to understand and subsequently manage his emotions. Unless leaders understand the criticality of human behavior to the organization and the need for self-evaluation/self-assessment, their efforts to influence others will never be achieved. We will write a custom essay sample on Points Understanding Human Behavior is critical to organizations or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page As introduced by Goleman (Daniel Goleman, 2000), the ability to recognize, then to understand and finally to manage your emotions is called â€Å"Emotional Quotient† (EQ). Coleman asserted that a high EQ had a positive impact on one’s relationship. The better you are at understanding your own emotions, the more likely you are to be adept at picking up on the feelings of others. Knowing how others feel can be a valuable skill within organizational interactions (meetings, presentations, day-day cooperation, etc.) and beneficial to the organization. For example, during a meeting a CEO is furious about an issue and he shows it by shouting, the rest of the participants may hesitate to express their ideas or thoughts. On the other hand if the CEO identifies and controls his emotional situation and understands that his anger if expressed will cause the rest of the participants to become reluctant on expressing themselves, a fruitful conversation may go on and ideas on how to overcome the issue may arise. On an interpersonal level, self-awareness can net you the trust of others and increase your credibility, both of which will increase your leadership effectiveness. On an organizational level, the benefits are even greater. When you acknowledge your emotional status and you manage your reactions youre modeling that in your organization even negative  experiences are dealt with calmness on purely professional way that leads to corrective actions. These are all characteristics of an organization that is constantly learning and springboards to innovation and agility two hallmarks of high performing organizations. As claimed by Goleman (Daniel Goleman, 2000) leaders use six leadership styles (coercive, authoritative, affiliate, democratic, pacesetting and coaching), each springing from different components of emotional quotient. Only four of these styles have a positive effect on climate and results. As concluded by Coleman (Daniel Goleman, 2000), leaders need to implement many styles depending on the situation they have to deal with. How would a leader be able to intentionally apply a specific style? Different situations require different leadership styles. A leader who is characterized by self-awareness is able to identify his emotional status, manage his emotions and perform under a different, more beneficial, leadership style.

The Merchant of Venice, Shylock Victim or Villain Essay Example

The Merchant of Venice, Shylock: Victim or Villain Paper The Merchant of Venice was probably written in either 1596 or 1597, after such early plays such as Romeo Juliet and Richard III but before the great tragedies of Shakespeares later life. The Merchant of Venice is an intriguing drama of love greed, and in some aspects racism but most importantly revenge. The cross dressing heroine and the Italian location makes it similar to earlier comedies but the characters of Shylock and Portia Shakespeares first great heroine, elevate it to the first rank of his plays. (Internet: www.shakespeare.com) Shylock is a Jewish moneylender in Venice; the Christians have abused him in his city, especially Antonio and his friends. I think that this is partly because Shylock is the only Jew in most of the city. His quest for revenge consumes his cunning one-track mind. (Internet) This makes the audience think whether he is a victim? Or whether he is a villain? In my essay I will be looking for this and supporting my ideas with evidence from quotes from the text. Shylock is a very different character from the others because of his religion, beliefs, and the way he dresses and other characters like Antonio think that he is a target for them to pick on and be nasty and mean to him because of his creed, Shylock tells us some of the names Antonio has called him and also the way he has treated him: You call me a misbeliever (1:3:33:108 We will write a custom essay sample on The Merchant of Venice, Shylock: Victim or Villain specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on The Merchant of Venice, Shylock: Victim or Villain specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on The Merchant of Venice, Shylock: Victim or Villain specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer Cut dog-throat (1:3:33108) Spit upon my Jewish gabardine (1:3:33:109) These three quotes are a real insult to Shylock by the first quote Antonio cannot judge how much Shylock believes in his religion, or if he even follows the rules of his religion that is up to Shylock to decide. What is even worse is that Antonio refers to him as a dog this has terribly offended Shylock because Jews think that dogs are not sacred animals and that the devil lives inside them. Also Antonio refers to his clothing and the way he dresses and Antonio disrespects the way Shylock dresses because none of the Christians wear a gabardine. This makes me feel sorry for Shylock for the reason that he doesnt deserve to be treated in that way. The worst thing is that it is not only verbal racism but also physical too. The audience during Shakespeares time would have found the spitting quite hilarious since they would not witness someone spewing on their enemy. Later on in the play you will find that it is not only Antonio that is felonious towards Shylock it is also Lorenzo: Faithless Jew (2:4:63:37) Lorenzo refers to Shylock as if he is not a devoted Jew. We can interpret this in two different ways, firstly being just that he doesnt have faith in his religion so that is why he is a Faithless Jew. Or others could interpret it by thinking how can he be a Jew if he doesnt have faith or if he doesnt believe in his religion how can he be a Jew. Shakespeare has put to opposite words faithless and Jew in one sentence in the above quote, this is called an oxymoron, Shakespeare does this to make the sentence stand out and also to make us feel sorry for Shylock; that is exactly what it does do it makes us sympathise for Shy lock and it makes us think why does he have to go through all of this, but that is how nows audience would feel but back in Shakespearian time when the play was written and performed the audience would have loved this sort of thing they would almost certainly find this humorous and pleasant, but then again they only thought of it as a play. In these four above quotes I think that Shylock is a victim because of the way Antonio and Lorenzo have treated him. It makes me wonder what do they achieve by making fun of other peoples religion and lifestyle? Why do they do this? Do they find it fun? But what they dont think about is how the other person feels, maybe Shylock should treat them the same way they have treated him so that they would know what it is like to be treated in that way. When this play was acted out in front of a Shakespearian audience they would have hissed, mocked and booed him as soon as he stepped foot on the stage they had no consideration what so ever but in this day and age nobody does this because it is a sign of racism. Antonio asks Shylock for 3000 Ducats to lend to Bassanio, Bassanio needs this money to impress Portia she is the girl he has fallen in love with it was love at first sight basically. Portia comes from a rich and wealthy family her father has just died and in his will he has written that Portia must marry who ever chooses the right casket. So anyway Bassanio is not rich and nor does he come from a rich or wealthy family so this is why he needs the money. Shylock agrees to lend the money to him as long as he has a guarantee; in this case his guarantor is Antonio this means that if Bassanio cannot pay the money back on time then Antonio must pay the money back to Shylock but as we all know Shakespeares plays always have a twist of some sort in them heres the twist to this one, well if both Antonio and Bassanio do not pay the money back on time Shylocks guarantee is that: An equal pound of your fair fleshin whatever part of your body pleaseth me (1:3:147-148) The first impression that I get from this quote is that can Shylock actually be this mean to Antonio, okay, Antonio has been mean to him but there is no need to go this far and put someones life at risk. The least he could do is give Antonio a chance if he doesnt pay the money back in time, anyway Antonio knows that his ships will come back from sea a day before he owes the money to Shylock. So he also agrees to the bond, Bassanio gives Antonia a chance to back out but Antonio says but not in so many words, no its alright I am your friend and what are friends for, and he agrees to the bond. Well I suppose other people would say it is because Antonio is calling him names and offending his religion so why should Shylock have to put up with it because Antonio isnt respectful just because Shylock is the only Jew in the trade. So Shylock thinks that this is his opportunity to get his own back on Antonio for every thing he has ever said or done to Shylock. This makes Shylock look like a villain because if you think about films the baddies always have to get their own back on the victim and this is what is happening here. Also if you have noticed that Antonio and Shylock have switched roles of victim and villain. Then again some people might think that he is only doing this because Antonio has called him names so why cant he go through the same pain as Shylock, they might also say that it is not fair if Antonio can bully Shylock and Shylock copes with it and doesnt do anything about it and Antonio gets away with it, so Shylock should get his back and make him suffer. Bassanio Antonio and Shylock all sign and agree with the bond. What makes things worse is the fact that he is the only person in the trade who charges interest but in this case he is not charging interest because Antonio says to him it is not in the nature of friendship to take interest on money lent to a friend so Shylock says well I am your friend and the quote he uses to tell Antonio that he is not going to charge interest is: And take no doit of usance for my money (1:3:35:136-137) So now Shylock is being all nice again and not charging interest but this might be because of the bond that they have agreed to, Shylock has probably already thought about it before and he almost certainly thinks that the guarantee is a substitute for the bond Shakespeare also uses a simile which Antonio speaks about, it is referring to Shylock as villain:- An evil soul producing holy witness is like a villain with a smiling cheek This simile I think is very effective because Antonio is saying that Shylock is evil, but on the outside to everyone else he seems nice, helpful and good. He shows that he is a holy person and doing good for people, maybe praying, he could be a priest, for example but his intentions are not so good, portraying something different, maybe the way he acts on the outside but deep down inside he is evil. He is Evil by doing bad deeds; he only cares about himself and his money, as we will find out. Later in the play Jessica who is Shylocks daughter is planning to run away from home with Lancelot. Lancelot used to be Shylocks worker but he quit to go and work with Bassanio but we dont know why. Was it because Shylock was mean? Who knows, but I think that if his own daughter wants to run away from home, then there must be something wrong with him. Was he mistreating her? Was he ashamed of her? Was he neglecting her? To be ashamed to be fathers child (2:3:17) I am sorry thou Wilt leave my father (2:3:1) There must definitely be something wrong with Shylock, because Jessica is ashamed to be his daughter. She is also planning to change her religion to Christianity because she loves Lancelot so much and wants to marry him. Jessica wants to have less to do with Shylock as possible, and wants to end the relationship with him. Become a Christian and thy loving wife (2:3:21) But later on Jessica tells Bassanio, Salerio, and Portia that she overheard her father talking to Tubal and Chus who are also Jewish, he was telling them how much he would prefer Antonios flesh than twenty times as much sum of money owed. Rather have Antonios flesh than twenty times the value of the sum he did owe him (3:2:287-288) This is really showing that he is a villain, but even if he said it the other way round, people would still think that he is greedy and all he ever cares about is his money and how much wealth he possesses. The 3 months have ended and Antonio hasnt succeeded to pay back Shylocks money, because all his ships have been shipwrecked whilst out at sea. Bassanio receives a letter from Antonio; he sends his sends his final regards, saying how happy he was that Bassanio and Portia have at last got engaged. He then goes on and says his final farewells, at this point Bassanio feels sorry for him and he thinks that this is all his fault: The paper as the body of my friends (3:2:264) This quote is saying that a pathetic little bond written on some paper is costing him Antonios life. This quote is also a metaphor because how can a bit of paper be your body it cant, it is impossible, and Shakespeare uses this to express that the quote means that the paper is responsible for Antonios life. Shylock has been to the government to change the law because he wants his rights also before this scene he has a bit of anger to let out because Salerio says to Shylock oh if Antonio doesnt pay you back the money youre not really going to take a pound of his flesh are you? This really set the spark to the fire: Feed my revenge (3:1:50) Shakespeare has used some personification because you cant really feed revenge can you? This means that Shylock has been through a lot and now he wants to get his revenge, the word feed meaning like without food nobody can live so he is saying it keeps Antonio alive to pick on people this makes him look as if he is a villain. He laughed at my loses mocked at my gains scorned my nation, thwarted my bargains. (3:1:51-53) This is a very strong part of his speech because he is once again telling us how Antonio has been treating Shylock and as we can see he has been racist, insulting he has teased and has humiliated him, so in a way I think that Shylock has a right to do something to Antonio but I wouldnt go as far as killing him it is not even worth it. Cooled my friends, heated mine enemies (3:1:53-54) Shakespeare has used two types of technique in one sentence firstly he has used an oxymoron which means he uses the two words with opposite meanings, in this quote the oxymorons are Cooled and Heated. Secondly being a metaphor, because you cant really cool or heat friends and enemies. It is like saying you have even turned people who are my friends against me, you have been spreading rumours about me. Whats his reason? I am a Jew. (3:1:54) This is a rhetorical question, which is a question but instead of someone else answering it you answer it yourself, Shakespeare has used this several times in this speech, it makes the speech more effective and emotive and it made me feel sorry for Shylock because he is so angry at Antonio and then Salerio has to just go and stir it up even more, it also makes us the audience think what he is going through and the next few lines are very strong and powerful. When I saw the second version of this specific speech he said it with anger and rage and you could tell that he was hurt inside because of his body language and the way he moved his hands you could tell that he was frustrated, the audience then wouldnt have taken much notice of his feelings they would most probably be laughing. Hath not a Jews hands, organs, dimensions, senses, affections, passions? (3:1:54-56) In this quote Shylock is trying to express his feelings he is saying although I am a Jew I still have a heart and some soft touches and I am just as sensitive just like everyone else, I am no different, I am still made up of the same organs as you. These are rhetorical devices that Shakespeare has used to emphasize the point. If you prick us do we not bleed? If you tickle us do we not laugh? If you poison us do we not die? (3:1:60-62) The word prick I think resembles hurtful words because it then goes on to talk about bleeding this is symbolising pain and how upset he his. Shylock then compares this with having fun, which is when you laugh, and he compares the name calling to poison and how after a while when you have been teased and so much you just get sick of it and then you try to ignore it but what is worse you sometimes wish that you werent alive. Now Shylock ask some rhetorical questions: If a Jew wrong a Christian what is his humility? Revenge (3:1:64-65) If a Christian wrong a Jew what should his sufferance be by Christian example? Why revenge (3:1:65-67) In this speech of Shylock, Shakespeare has used a lot of techniques this is all done to make more effective and the way he has sometimes used If and You which are second person pronouns that directly address to the audience or it could be that he is talking about a group of Jews. I think that Shakespeare was talking to the audience because it makes them more involved and they would probably cheer, boo or hiss. The audience during Shakespeares time would have been a lot more different than to days audiences, the audience today are more considerate and sympathetic, where as Shakespeares audiences wouldnt have been sympathetic towards Shylock instead they would laugh, snigger and giggle at him. I think that this makes Shylock look like a victim and it makes us feel sorry for him, because the way Shakespeare has worded Shylocks speech, but then again some people might think that the last line spoils it and makes him look like a villain: The villainy you teach me I will execute. (3:1:67-68) The reason why Shylock takes Antonio to court is because he wants his bond and he doesnt want to break his promise. In the version of the court that we watched Shylock looked very plain and he was dressed scruffily he didnt look that religious neither. He doesnt look aggressive in fact he looks very humble. The duke is being bias towards Shylock: Which is a pound of this poor merchants flesh (4:1:21) The first time Shylock speaks in the court scene is when he is very proud of himself and he seems as though he is a victim but he is a villain, looks can be very deceiving. He says that he is going to stick to the bond and he will not change his mind. He could change his mind if he wanted to but he is just being stubborn. Antonio is still offending Shylock in court as well because he refers to him as a Jew His Jewish heart (4:1:80) Shylock says: The pound of flesh which I demand of himtis mine and I will have it (4:1:99-100) When Shylock finishes saying this line he begins to sharpen his knife on his shoe, to get ready to cut Antonios flesh, and he look very sly and evil as he does this. Nerissa and Portia enter the courtroom looking like men; this is an example of dramatic irony this when the audience knows something that most or all of the characters dont know. In this case the audience knows that Nerissa and Portia are dressed up as a men but the characters think that they are men not Nerissa and Portia. Gratiano calls Shylock: Inexecrable dog (4:1:128) This is an another insult referring to his religion, but at this point I dont particularly feel sorry for him because it is his own fault now, he could have broken the bond and ended it all but he wanted to get his own back on Antonio. Portia refers to Christian faith and tells Shylock that if he is merciful to other people the will be merciful to him and so will God. The deeds of mercy (4:1:201) Later in the scene Portia reads out points from the bond and says that the piece of flesh has to be taken out nearest to the heart. This makes Shylock look like a villain and we feel more sympathetic for Antonio because he is probably going to die unless Shylock breaks the deal. Shylock has to take exactly a pound of flesh in one go no more and no less: nor cut thou less nor more But just a pound of flesh (4:1:325) Portia asks Shylock whether or not she is allowed to get a surgeon to look after Antonios wound after you have cut him. Shylock reads through the bond and says no it is not in the bond so you cannot have a surgeon. tis not in the bond (4:1:261) Portia is a really determined girl she is not going to give up until Antonio is free. She has got a question ready to argue every point. Later she argues the fact that in the bond it doesnt mention a word about blood, so Portia refers to this and says to Shylock that in the bond there is nothing about blood, so therefore you must take a pound of flesh out of Antonio without even a drop of blood. This bond doth give thee here no jot of blood , the words expressly are a pound of flesh' (4:1:304-305) After hearing this Shylock begins to change his mind because it is impossible to take out flesh without blood so he takes up the offer for 9000 Ducats and he will let Antonio live: I take this offer then; pay the bond thrice and let the Christian go. (4:1:318 -319) So now at least Antonio is off the hook but what is Shylocks punishment for breaking the bond: for one half goods I am content the other half in use to render it upon his death This is what Antonio says so Antonio gets half of what Shylock already has and the other half will go to his daughter and on his funeral. He has to become a Christian everything that is under his possession shall go to Lancelot his son in law and his daughter: He presently become a Christian (4:1:386) Allpossessed unto his son Lorenzo and his daughter (4:1:385-389) In the version of the play we watched when Shylock exits the stage permanently you hear a long wail and at this point I felt so sorry for Shylock because he has to change his religion, he has given everything that he has got away either to Antonio the government or his daughter even his house, he has got now where to go or live this is very upsetting and at the end of the play he is a victim. I dont think that Shakespeare is racist but the audience during his time were because they were not as understanding as us. They thought that, yeah, he is a different religion we wont talk to him he seems a bit weird or he is not the same as us. But today we are willing to bring this issues out into the world an debate or discuss them even though some people are still racist but that will always will be there it is not going to go away in a day or two it depends on the person. If I was a director of the play I would make Shylock look more religious and make him into a person who stands up for himself and who cares for people, he would be a very strong character but I would still include he issues of religion and racism because it makes the play more realistic and it shows people that every one was equal. As for Antonio I would make him a lot more caring but at the same time sly and evil but as well as that he would have to face a big change in his lifestyle as well as Shylock. In some parts of this play I thought that Shylock was a victim and in others I thought that he was a villain because of the bond but if that werent in it then he wouldnt be a villain because Antonio would always be abusing him and picking on him. Antonio was always switching places with Shylock because sometimes when Shylock was a victim he would be a villain and when he was a villain Shylock would be a victim.